Understanding Abnormal Pap Tests and Colposcopy

Richard Lorenzo
Aug 4
3 min read

Doctor and patient in a bright clinic. Doctor shows information on tablet, patient listens attentively. Calm and professional atmosphere. Pap test — Understanding Abnormal Pap Tests and Colposcopy

What You Need to Know From Complete Healthcare in Richland, WA

Routine cervical cancer screening is an essential part of preventive care for women. At Complete Healthcare, we offer personalized, compassionate care to help you navigate every step of your wellness journey. If you’ve recently received an abnormal Pap test result or been told you need a colposcopy, you may feel concerned or confused. This guide will help clarify what these results mean and what you can expect next.

What Is a Pap Test?

A Pap test, also known as a Pap smear, is a screening tool used to detect changes in the cervical cells that may lead to cervical cancer. It is often combined with HPV (human papillomavirus) testing. Both tests are typically performed during a routine well-woman exam.

The purpose of screening is to detect abnormal cells early so they can be monitored or treated before they develop into cancer.

What Does an Abnormal Pap Test Mean?

An abnormal result does not mean you have cervical cancer. Instead, it indicates that some of the cells collected from your cervix looked unusual under a microscope. These changes are most often caused by HPV infection, which is common and usually cleared by the body on its own.

Common abnormal Pap results include:

ASC-US: Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance
LSIL: Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (mild changes)
HSIL: High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (moderate to severe changes)
AGC: Atypical glandular cells

The next step depends on your age, medical history, HPV status, and the degree of cellular change found.

When Is a Colposcopy Recommended?

If your Pap test shows significant abnormalities or if you test positive for high-risk HPV types, your provider may recommend a colposcopy.

A colposcopy is an in-office procedure that allows your healthcare provider to closely examine your cervix using a colposcope – a special magnifying device. During the procedure, a solution is applied to your cervix to highlight any areas of concern, and small biopsies may be taken for further evaluation.

At Complete Healthcare, Dr. Richard Lorenzo and Kortney Jones, ARNP, perform colposcopies with care and precision to ensure accurate diagnosis and minimal discomfort.

What to Expect During a Colposcopy

A colposcopy is similar to a pelvic exam and usually takes about 10 to 20 minutes. You will lie back on an exam table, and a speculum will be inserted to view your cervix. If a biopsy is needed, you may feel a slight pinch or cramp.

Post-procedure care may include:

Mild spotting or light discharge
Avoiding sexual activity, tampons, and douching for several days if biopsies were taken
Following up as directed by your provider

What Do Colposcopy Results Mean?

Biopsy results may show:

Normal tissue: No treatment needed; continue regular screenings
CIN 1: Mild dysplasia, often caused by HPV; usually monitored without treatment
CIN 2 or 3: Moderate to severe dysplasia; may require treatment to remove abnormal cells

Your care team will explain your specific results and work with you to determine the best follow-up plan.

Will I Need Treatment?

Treatment depends on the severity of the findings. Some cases can be managed with observation and repeat testing, especially in younger patients. Others may require procedures such as:

LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure)
Cold knife cone biopsy

These treatments aim to remove abnormal cells before they can progress to cancer.

Prevention and Risk Reduction

The HPV vaccine is a powerful tool in preventing cervical cancer. It protects against the strains of HPV most commonly linked to cervical cancer. The vaccine is recommended for individuals ages 9 through 26 and may be considered up to age 45.

You can reduce your risk of abnormal Pap tests by:

Receiving the HPV vaccine
Avoiding tobacco use
Practicing safe sex
Attending regular screenings as recommended

When to Contact Complete Healthcare

If you have questions about an abnormal Pap test, HPV, or colposcopy, the team at Complete Healthcare in Richland, WA is here to support you. Our providers will help you understand your results and guide you through each step with care and clarity.

Complete Healthcare offers comprehensive women’s health services, including annual exams, Pap testing, HPV screening, and colposcopy procedures.

To schedule your appointment, call us at 509-392-6700 or visit us online at complete-healthcare.com.

Dr. Richard Lorenzo and Kortney Jones, ARNP, are dedicated to providing the Tri-Cities community with expert, compassionate care at every stage of life.